Bauhaus Influences on Photography and Architecture free essay sample

History of Photography Final Research Project Bauhaus: Influences on Photography and Architecture After the defeat in the First World War and the fall of the German monarchy, Germany faced darkness and lost hope in the future. Walter Gropius, a German architect, who served in the war, saw the need of re-orienting the art world for the better (Westphal, 7). One year after the First World War, 1919, Gropius opened a school in Weimar, Germany called the Bauhaus school. His intention for this school was to create a total work of art in which all arts would be brought together (Bayer, 12).He also wanted to create a â€Å"consulting art center for industry and the trades† (Bayer, 13). In his Bauhaus Manifesto, Gropius mentions that â€Å"old art schools were unable to create unity. They must once more become part of the workshop: the world of drawing and painting, of designers and handicraft-artists must at last become a building world again† (Westphal, 6). We will write a custom essay sample on Bauhaus: Influences on Photography and Architecture or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He also envisioned conceiving and creating a â€Å"new building of the future† by combining architecture, painting, and sculpture (Westphal, 7). Never done before, Gropius thought it was appropriate to combine architecture with art, which would help the future of our world (Westphal, 11). Although Gropius wanted to combine architecture with art, architecture was not in the curriculum during the first couple years. The teaching method at Bauhaus was to have two teachers; an artist and a master craftsman, in each subject (Bayer, 15), which helped students gain the most experience. Most people mistaken that Bauhaus is part of the â€Å"ism†, but the truth is that different â€Å"ism† are part of the Bauhaus school. Many of the teachers at Bauhaus grew up with expressionism, cubism, surrealism, and Dadaism; therefore, the designs were influenced by these isms (Bayer, 16).Due to its highly sophisticated teachers and curriculum, the school soon raised modern artists that were familiar with science and economics, uniting creative imagination with a practical knowledge of craftsmanship (Bayer, 13). The school was moved from Weimer to Dessau, Germany in 1925 with a new director, Hannes Meyer. By this time, new generations of teachers had been trained with creativ e art, craftsmanship, and industrial design, that the dual teacher system could be abandoned (Bayer, 13). New curriculums were also put in: steel furniture, modern textiles, dishes, lamps, modern typography, layout, architecture, city and regional planning (Bayer, 16). Bauhaus style, or free style, was becoming more prominent in the art world. The school was moved once more from Dessau to Berlin, Germany in 1930, with another new director, Ludwig Mies van der Rohe (Westphal, 11). When students first started at the Bauhaus school, they would go through a series of preliminary courses followed by workshop training courses until they received their Bauhaus diploma (Westphal, 40).The preliminary course teachers included Johannes Itten, Laszlo Moholy-Nagy, Josef Albers, Wassily Kandinsky, Paul Klee, and Oskar Schlemmer. Itten taught artistic form, handicrafts and technical skills, and in social and human concerns (Westphal, 40). He also wanted to help students free their creative powers, by giving them experience and knowledge (Westphal, 41). Maholy-Nagy taught the structure of objects and the identification of their basic characteristics: geometric forms, ratios and measurements, structure, texture, light, contrasts, and variations (Westphal, 46).Moholy-Nagy emphasized on the relationship between form and function, which he believed it will help the students’ distinguish between objects (Westphal, 47). Specifically, his course taught the study and construction of designs, experimenting with light, blueprints for typography, and experiments in film and photography (Westphal, 49). His experimental photography led to producing one of the first photograms, film exposure without a camera. His work influenced the school broad range of experimental art photography (Westphal, 49).Josef Albers taught the studies of materials in the form of positive-negative representations. Some of his assignments were to create an impression of three-dimensionality in a two-dimensional drawing, and figurative studies drawing from nature (Westphal, 51). Wassily Kandinsky taught analytical thought process to help students understand the basic concepts of design in painting. His class included learning color, shapes, lines, composition, and characteristics (Westphal, 54). Paul Klee taught the analysis of sensory perception, picture construction, and color theory on a more intense level (Westphal, 59).He mentions that Expressionism, the strength to discover the inner strength, and science played a huge role in his curriculum (Westphal, 59). Oskar Schlemmer taught stage and costume design (Westphal, 60). After the preliminary courses, students would have the opportunity to eight workshops: furniture, metal, print and advertizing, photography, theatre, wall painting, ceramics, and weaving (Westphal, 73). These courses prepared students to acquire solid craft skills. Also, just like the preliminary courses, the workshop would be an in-depth learning and experience of each subject.The photography department was under Walter Peterhans in 1929. Photography was initially only used for catalogue illustrations for advertising (Moholy-Nagy, 134). With Moholy-Nagy’s enthusiasm in photography, he was able to bring respect to the Bauhaus school. Moholy-Nagy also suggested the term â€Å"language of light†, which is still used today. Bauhaus supported students to be experimental and pushed students to interpret their inner feeling. The department also offered a comprehensive program that gave students every opportunity to learn their profession as photographers. The department educated many photographers including Herbert Bayer, Lucia Moholy, Otto Umbehr, Florence Henri, Erich Consemueller, and Lux Feininger (Westphal, 111). On the other hand, the architecture department did not bloom until 10 years after the opening of the Bauhaus school. This was due to the lack of knowledge in architecture in society; architects back then were simply technical drafters. The different architectural visions of the three directors did not help the unity of the architecture department either. Gropius wanted unity with architecture and art.Meyer wanted functionality, and Mies wanted aesthetics (Kentgens-Craig, 108). But once the department started, it caught up with the other department quickly. The department’s aim is similar to what Gropius wrote in his Bauhaus Manifesto; to create a building in which the various arts and handicrafts would unite to produce a Gasamtkunstwerk: total work of art (Kentgens-Craig 145). In 1933, the Bauhaus school was forced to close by the Nazi regime. After the school closed down, Moholy-Nagy immigrated to the United States to continue the Bauhaus school (Kentgens-Craig, 163).In 1937, after an invitation to Chicago’s Association of Art and Industry, he decided to open his school, New Bauhaus, in Chicago (Institute). After a brief closure due to financial problems, Moholy-Nagy reopened the school as the Chicago School of Design (Moholy-Nagy, 170). In 1944, the school became the Institute of Design, and in 1949, it became part of Illinois Institute of Technology (Institute). Although there were some struggles, the Bauhaus school and New Bauhaus succeeded in producing many famous photographers and architects. Faculty of the New Bauhaus included Harry Callahan, Gyorgy Kepes, Arthur Siegel, Aaron Siskind, Ralph Rapson, Konrad Wachsmann, and Ludwig Mies van der Rohe (Kentgens-Craig, 138). Alumni include Richard Nickel, Louis Sauer, Alfred Arndt, and Fred Forbat (Institute). It is apparent that both of the Bauhaus schools were very influential to today’s photography and architecture world. Although different forms of visual subject, one thing that is similar between photography and architecture is that they are both questioned if they are art.Critics have written numerous articles debating if these two accepted as art, or if they are simply a mechanical way of documenting and producing. Also, they think that camera will do all the work and the photographer is there to do some manipulation. For example, WWII photographers took images in the battlefield, sent them to the studio, and the labs developed the film and printed the photos. Also in architecture, critics have always questioned if architecture is art or solely an engineering mechanism.To defend, the Bauhaus school exemplifies that photography and architecture are indeed art. As stated before, the preliminary courses that students go through are artists process such as painting, color study, space, rhythm, etc, which are highly connected to art. Learning the basic art expanded the students’ horizon in art, which they were able to use the knowledge in their photography and architecture. The Bauhaus school’s methods were interesting in fostering traditional modes of art making. Learning the basics of design created a strong foundation for designers.This method applies to architects and photographers, both groups struggle with issues of rhythm, color, or viewpoint. This learning process heavily influenced the architects and photographers work since importance was placed on treating their work as art. For architects this meant a rethinking of materials and form, which caused the iconic image of Bauhaus buildings. And for photography it meant that photographs were no longer purely documentary but instead could produce artwork. The Bauhaus intended to make architecture that was art.Yet even today the definition of art and the classification of architecture are still unclear. In an interview with architect, Renzo Piano, he was asked a question of â€Å"Is architecture ‘art’? † His answer was, â€Å"Yes, architecture is art. It is the most contaminated art. If youre a bad writer, people wont read your book. If youre a bad musician, they will ignore your music. If youre a bad architect, the city has to live with your work for a very long time (Friend). Bibliography Westphal, Uwe. The Bauhaus. New York: Gallery Books. 1991. Print Bayer, Herbert Gropius, Walter, and Gropius, Ise.

The History of the Drug Krokodil

The History of the Drug Krokodil Krokodil is the street name for desomorphine an opiate-like drug similar to and a substitute for heroin used by addicts. Krokodil or desomorphine began its history as a patented drug. US patent 1980972 was issued to chemist, Lyndon Frederick Small for a Morphine Derivative and Processes on November 13, 1934. The drug was briefly manufactured and marketed by the Swiss pharmaceutical company Roche under the brand name of Permonid but was abandoned as a commercial product for its short shelf life and highly addictive nature. In the early 2000s, the drug resurfaced in Russia as krokodil, a home-brewed heroin substitute that takes about thirty minutes to manufacture from codeine pills and other substances. The home brewing of this drug includes the inclusion of impurities and toxic substances that have lead to some horrific consequences for users. Krokodil (Russian for crocodile) is named after one of the drugs major side effect, the greenish and scaly appearance of the damaged and rotting skin of users. Take one look at this Huffington Post video report and youll be quickly convinced never to try this drug. If You Dont Want It - Recycled Patents Many illicit street drugs (and even semi-legal ones) have had their origins in legitimate research done by pharmaceutical companies, research that has even resulted in patents being issued. For example, organic chemist John Huffman was the unwitting inventor of a synthetic version of marijuana. A few enterprising individuals read John Huffmans research on synthetic cannabinoids and began manufacturing and selling synthetic marijuana products such as Spice. These products were legal for a short spell of time, however, in most places they are no longer legal. Another popular street drug is MDMA or Molly as it is now called. The original formula for Molly was patented in 1913 by Merck, a German chemical company. Molly was intended to be a diet pill, however, Merck decided against marketing the drug and abandoned it. MDMA was made illegal in 1983, seventy years after it was originally invented. Heroin was once a registered trademark belonging to Bayer, the same folks that invented aspirin. A method of manufacturing heroin from the opium poppy was developed in 1874, as a substitute for morphine, and believe or not was used as a cough suppressant. The mind-bending psychedelic drug LSD was first synthesized on November 16, 1938 by Swiss chemist Albert Hofmann while working for Sandoz Laboratories in Switzerland. However, it was a few years before Albert Hofmann realized what he had invented. Until 1914, cocaine was legal and even an ingredient in the soft drink Coca-Cola. The method of manufacturing cocaine from the coca leaf was invented in the 1860s. Lyndon Frederick Small 1897- 1957 A 1931 Time Magazine article discusses the work of Frederick Small Lyndon in relation to the growing opiate epidemic in the United States. ....the Bureau of Social Hygiene gave the National Research Council funds for a study of drug addiction and the invention of a drug which would do for medicine everything which the habit-forming drugs do, yet not cause habit itself. Such a harmless, beneficial drug would make the manufacture of the baneful drugs needless. Then they could be completely suppressed. Council discovered Dr. Lyndon Frederick Small, just returned from two years of study in Europe, at the University of Virginia and financed a special laboratory for him. Out of a coal tar product called phenanthrene he has synthesized several drugs which closely resemble the chemical structure and physiological action of morphine. He sends them to Professor Charles Wallis Edmunds of the University of Michigan who tests them on animals. The two are confident that within perhaps a few months they will have an authentic drug which will not make, as morphine, heroin and opium do, pasty-faced, emaciated, depraved liars, out of its users.

Professionalism in health care Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Professionalism in health care - Essay Example Last month, I worked in a group made up of professionals of several interrelated fields, whereby we all worked on a common project. Despite the qualifications of group members, the project did not go well as planned due to shortcomings related to teamwork. For instance, group members usually digressed and spent project time to discuss their own matters and solve personal issues. This was primarily due to lack of a group leader. Had the members chosen a leader, then the latter would have had the responsibility of keeping the group in order, which could have been beneficial in timely completion of the task. On the other hand, group members succeed in completing part of the project due to some positive teamwork practices. For instance, the group members came up with new approaches to the problem through creative thinking and brainstorming, all of which contributed positively to the team and in turn completion of the

Five Guys Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Five Guys - Case Study Example Originally, the restaurants name was Jerry and the sons. After beginning the business, Janie and Jerry Murrell had a fifth son, with all sons involved in running the business as the Five Guys. Together, the brothers did away with ideas of broad menus; favoring a more honest and solid buggers (DATAMONITOR 2). They pride themselves in offering non-frozen buggers, which are hand-patted from ground beef, and 80% lean. The French fries preparation occurs daily including cutting the potatoes, along with in the house and fresh buggers. The restaurant created a cult following by word of mouth. Five Guys price their burgers at four dollars; yet manage to keep their clients coming back due to their appeal for high quality and fresh food. The pricing makes the restaurants enjoy increased success in areas with higher income that cater mainly to the male demographic. Rather than, depend on conventional advertising, the company relies on the customer’s word of mouth. The product’s im mediate appeal and the restaurant’s storefront ensure that they secure new franchisees and customers. One significant advantage that Five Guy’s business model holds is the simplicity of its menu. Instead of attempting to woo more customers using new products, they prefer to serve clients with well done chips and buggers. The company has shown a desire to keep expanding (Janowitz 4). The company has opened one hundred and sixty three branches in thirteen states. It intends to add at least seventy new restaurants. The company also looks for franchise candidates, whom they evaluate by their general experience in business, degree of personality fit with the restaurant, cash flow, and net worth. Their business involves approximately two thousand five hundred square foot urban or suburban spaces. The restaurant business has also acted as effective anchors for other restaurants, educational facilities, cinemas, and grocery stores. Industry

Conflict between Freedom and Determinism

Conflict between Freedom and Determinism Freedom, Determinism Responsibility Instructions Demonstrate an understanding of the underlying conflict between freedom and determinism and the various options for resolving that conflict. Demonstrate my own thinking about the problem, must show that I have made a determined effort to grapple with the problem. Essay is written for a cold audience; theyre smart, but they have no prior knowledge of what Im talking about. Try to organize your essay so that each part of it builds up a defence of your position. Introduction The idea that human beings exercise free will seems commonsensical; that is, we understand that when we act, we were capable of acting otherwise than we did. It may come as a surprise to hear that this is actually a hotly contested claim, and it has been subjected to philosophical scrutiny for thousands of years. The position that I will be defending is called hard determinism, a view that up until several months ago, I was blissfully unaware even existed. Hard determinism is the view that humans exist within the causal loop of the universe, that our actions are inextricably bound to the laws of nature. It proposes that human behaviour is caused by an individuals personality, desires and values, but that their personality, desires and values are caused by external antecedent factors over which the individual has no control. These factors can range anywhere from genetic predisposition to their upbringing to the cultural norms of the society they happened to be born in. In short, hard determinism rejects the notion of human agency. The objective of my paper is two-fold: 1) To make the argument that the thesis of determinism does not undermine our every day conceptualization of the will, but simply proposes an explanation for the cause of what we call moral behaviour. 2) To make the argument that the thesis of free will and moral responsibility does not cohere with the thesis of determinism; or in other words, to attack the compatibilist/soft-determinist view. Different interpretations of determinisms truth exist. So I guess here I would outline specifically what the different views of determinism are, just like that dudes paper LOL. I would identify mine and elaborate on the arguments. This definition admits a â€Å"will† or a desire-that-produces-action, but it admits no â€Å"free will† or free desire. Libertarians subscribe to the notion that human actions are uncaused and undetermined. They operate on the premise that humans are capable of originating acts, initiating a sequence of events, self-governing and thus we are independent of natural causal chains. Clearly formulate and explain the position you hold. In order to defend your position of hard determinism, I need to undermine their defence of freedom. Libertarians attack determinism by making a case for the exceptions theyre pointing to. Their only point of attack to make a case of their counter example; I need to prove their counter-example is not true. You can point to the sorts of suppositions that libertarians are making about human beings. Question the plausibility of those suppositions; the idea that were autonomous, the idea that we exist somehow outside of the causal loop. I also argue against the claim of human uniqueness held by Libertarian philosophers, so look at Chisholm and look at Lewis, who kind of touches on that. Libertarians argue that humans are capable of originating acts, initiating a sequence of events, self-governing and thus we are independent of natural causal chains. Libertarians maintain that freedom and moral responsibility are logically incompatible with determinism. They believe that for humans to be free, there must be some instances, fundamentally, human action, which are not the effects of causal antecedents. But if this were true, then the human will must be subject to a special kind of explanation. Libertarians seem to support partial determinism, which suggests a break in the ongoing process of cause and effect. For instance, history is not characterized by a linear progression, whereby one cause produces certain effects and so on ad infinitum. Instead, life can be described as a vast tree with an infinite number of branches, which divide into numerous possible directions. Yet, for human action to transcend causal determinism one of two possibilities must be fulfilled: i) events themselves must be uncaused and therefore random, or ii) particular events must be causi sui (the cause of itself). Refuting the compatibilist/soft-determinist poses more of a challenge, as they share common ground with a hard determinist. Outline the main points and objectives of my paper and establish which of the 3 classical positions I hold. In this case, it is hard determinism. As such, I seek to prove that the thesis of free will does not and cannot cohere with the thesis of determinism. I also argue that the thesis of determinism does not undermine our every day conceptualization of the â€Å"will,† it simply â€Å"proposes the source of what causes us to fall back on moral behaviour.† Then why do we act morally? Because it is evolutionarily useful for us to do so. Ruse says that true morality developed over time evolutionarily. Talk about monkeys nigga lol. Well see how that works out. For both of the following paragraphs, draw specific arguments from the readings, explain those arguments in my own words, critically assess the arguments and make clear why you accept or reject those arguments. Its harder to defend yourself against soft determinism. Give the main argument or arguments in its defence. State as clearly and forcefully as you can the main objections which would be raised by those holding the other positions. So here I can explain libertarianism and soft determinism. Rebut those objections. Libertarians argue that humans are capable of originating acts, initiating a sequence of events, self-governing and thus we are independent of natural causal chains. Libertarians maintain that freedom and moral responsibility are logically incompatible with determinism. They believe that for humans to be free, there must be some instances, fundamentally, human action, which are not the effects of causal antecedents. But if this were true, then the human will must be subject to a special kind of explanation. Libertarians seem to support partial determinism, which suggests a break in the ongoing process of cause and effect. For instance, history is not characterized by a linear progression, whereby one cause produces certain effects and so on ad infinitum. Instead, life can be described as a vast tree with an infinite number of branches, which divide into numerous possible directions. Yet, for human action to transcend causal determinism one of two possibilities must be fulfilled: i) events themselves must be uncaused and therefore random, or ii) particular events must be causi sui (the cause of itself). Human independence in the strong sense for our lives to be meaningful and important. How do you hold people morally responsible in a deterministic world? Focus on the deliberative process; theres no compulsion or constraint, then were freely deliberating and thus can be held morally responsible. Libertarians often worry about â€Å"objective worth.† Look at Kane in Fischer. Its true that all of our behaviour is causally determined. Look at Widerker and how he talks about how youd act if there was an announcement that the universe is deterministic. Would you feel like your life is meaningless? A third argument for incompatibilism was formulated by Carl Ginet in the 1960s and has received much attention in the modern literature. The simplified argument runs along these lines: if determinism is true, then we have no control over the events of the past that determined our present state and no control over the laws of nature. Since we can have no control over these matters, we also can have no control over the consequences of them. Since our present choices and acts, under determinism, are the necessary consequences of the past and the laws of nature, then we have no control over them and, hence, no free will. Opposition to determinism promotes that without belief in uncaused free will, humans will not have reason to behave ethically. Determinism, however, does not negate emotions and reason of a person, but simply proposes the source of what causes us to fall back on moral behavior. Anyone susceptible to immoral actions from the idea of determinism was susceptible before and does not hold strong moral judgment prior to the idea. Determinism implies the moral differences between two people are caused by hereditary predispositions and environmental effects and events. Simply because the cause of a persons morality (depending on the branch of determinism) is not entirely themselves, this does not mean determinists are against punishment of people who commit crimes: independent of moral judgement, punishment can still serve to modify a persons behaviour. Another point of view is that if determinism is true, and free will is not, then morality and ethics are meaningless concepts. Morality and ethics require that a choice can be made in order for these concepts to have any meaning. But if a person has no choice, in the case of a deterministic world with no free will, then it does not make sense to say whether individuals can make more (or less) ethical or moral choices, because there are no options available to them except the one they must deterministically follow. I will use the words determinism and causality interchangeably to mean approximately the same thing, with determinism referring to the more general state of the world and causality referring to more specific causal relationships. On the other hand, Sam has argued that morality can be studied scientifically. This would require operationally defining morality (Harris suggests a definition akin to a behaviors probability of maximizing human wellbeing but the definition itself is not the focus of his argument). Harris goes on to suggest that, given that human brains have certain properties, we could go on to identify objectively superior moral frameworks; that is, multiple optimized ethical systems may emerge that satisfy our definition of moral.

The Nurses Role in Child Maltreatment Prevention :: Child Abuse Prevention

Nurses who regularly see children in their practice are currently treating victims of child abuse, including sexual abuse and neglect, whether they know it or not. The causes of child abuse and neglect are complex and varied, and occur in all types of families and settings. Nurses must always remain alert to the possibility that abuse may be occurring in any family, regardless of their socioeconomic status. Nationally, in 1993, averages of 42.9 children per 1,000 were reported to authorities as victims of alleged abuse or neglect. A 1995 Gallop Poll of 1,000 parents yielded the estimate that 3 million U.S. children were victims of physical abuse by their parents, or about 44 per 1,000 children (The future of children, 1998). Child characteristics may include, the child was prematurely born, the child has disabilities, either mentally or physically, the child exhibits certain behaviors of infancy and childhood, such as persistent crying, the child is chronically ill, and the child has already been victimized. Family characteristics may include, there is other violence in the home, substances, including alcohol, are abused by the parents or caretakers, the parents of caretakers lack necessary maturity, skills or knowledge to care for the child, parental expectations are inconsistent with the child’s developmental abilities, the caretaker is socially isolated, the family is experiencing high levels of stress from events such as loss of a job, increased financial burdens, serious illness, death in the family, separation or divorce, adult members of the family have themselves been abused as children (Ohio State Medical Association, 1992). Definitions of the major forms of maltreatment are as follows: Physical Abuse- An act of commission by a caregiver that results or is likely to result in physical harm, including death of a child. Examples of physical abuse acts include kicking, biting, shaking, stabbing, or punching of a child. Sexual Abuse- An act of commission, including intrusion or penetration, molestation with genital contact, or other forms of sexual acts in which children are used to provide sexual gratification for the perpetrator. This type of abuse also includes acts such as sexual exploitation and child pornography. Neglect- An act of omission by a parent or caretaker that involves refusal or delay in providing health care, failure to provide basic needs such as food, shelter, clothing, affection, and attention, inadequate supervision or abandonment. Emotional Abuse- An act of commission or omission that includes rejecting, isolating, terrorizing, ignoring, or corrupting a child.

British Literature of Victorian Era

Industrialism during the Victorian Period serves as the new beginning of the age. From a conservative era, industrialism played a significant role to the modernity and liberty of the period from the past civilizations; this transformation does not only affect the social, economic, and political aspects of the period but also its literature. Many writers, authors, and poets emerged during the industrialism that brought new light and path to the beginning and renovation of Victorian Period.Industrialism affects the Victorian Poetry as well as the novels of the era. Through poetry, the poets are capable in describing the lives and situations of the people in longer verses. Within the concept of Romantic poetry, industrialism develops a deeper perspective as it contains social change. Therefore, it can be said that industrialism opens the door of power and alteration to the traditional construction of literature specifically the Victorian Poetry. Matthew Armold is one of the most popular poets during the Victorian Period.His works described the transformation of European lifestyle from Romanticism to Industrialism. However, the concept of industrialism in Arnold’s poetry can be seen within the context of romantic drama. Some of these are â€Å"The Buried Life†, â€Å"Dover Beach†, and â€Å"The Scholar Gypsy. † Arnold’s â€Å"The Buried Life† is about the situations of the whole society. The narrator of the poem discusses the difference between men and women’s identity during the period where women are already part of the society.Women have better opportunities and status through the existence of different laws and policies imposed by the system. â€Å"I knew the mass of men conceal'd / Their thoughts, for fear that if reveal'd / They would by other men be met / With blank indifference, or with blame reproved; / I knew they lived and moved / Trick'd in disguises, alien to the rest / Of men, and alien to themselvesâ €“and yet / The same heart beats in every human breast! (Arnold, 16-23)† the poem describes hope for new beginning.The emotions within the poem show happiness with sort of questioning the new trend of the society. The construction of the poem is in the context of Romanticism but as the reader understands the point of the narrator, it will be seen that the poem symbolizes change that opens various transition from the conservative formation of the society to the liberal context. The basic example is the concept of ‘breast’ that shows different meanings and essence.Throughout the poem – whether a part of woman’s body, a depiction of femininity, womanhood, or motherhood, and also a descriptive word to described the transformation of woman’s status into the society. On the other way around, the â€Å"Dover Beach† described the flow of social change – like the sea, there is no assurance where it goes but it will take the calmness o f life while enduring the pain of thunderstorms and winds. The narrator shows the religious side of the poem where there is a concept of faith and destiny.The attack of the author within his poem is simple but spontaneous to the acquisition of knowledge from the environment and religion. â€Å"So various, so beautiful, so new, / Hath really neither joy, nor love, nor light, / Nor certitude, nor peace, nor help for pain; / And we are here as on a darkling plain / Swept with confused alarms of struggle and flight, / Where ignorant armies clash by night (Arnold, 32-37). † It also shows how religion transformed in a significant basis where it has its own way of defining the word ‘faith;’ through the discussion of radical journey of the narrator and his society.In the poem, the narrator discusses how happy he is to obtain new form of living. Though it is different from the common good, it gives new light to conquer the upcoming circumstances of life. Like â€Å"The B uried Life,† the â€Å"Dover Beach† is also constructed in romantic idea where there is love, happiness, and traditional style of passion but Arnold created the poem not to discuss its romantic essence because he wants to convey the impact of industrialism to the whole society of Victorian Period.The point of view of the poem is based on the concept of transition from one angle to another and also the emotions of the public towards it. The â€Å"Scholar Gypsy,† is about the new age of ideas and knowledge of the Victorian Peiord. The narrator discusses the new way of acquiring learning from the new formed society. Because industrialism demonstrates several changes like the English class structure, the poem discusses the manifestations of these changes to the academic institutions and the system as a whole.The poem literally described the life of a man who lived in a country side. In the beginning, his life is the usual depiction of human life – happy and co ntented in his simple being. However, he could not accept the social transformation that emerged in his environment and led him to escape from modernity to hide from the corners of the forest and live alone. He is not prepared with the transition that is why he could not learn the new idea of alteration from conservative to liberal society. â€Å"And then they land, and thou art seen no more./ Maidens who from the distant hamlets come / To dance around the Fyfield elm in May, / Oft through the darkening fields have seen thee roam, / Or cross a stile into the public way (Arnold, 80-85). † The poem discusses the new life of Victorian period in general. It shows how women work, how men live, how the system evolves, and how the society changed. This is a general viewing of the whole renovation where there are new policies and laws that will protect both men and women. Women could dance for joy while men became busier with their lives and careers.As a conclusion, the three poems h ave different attacks and perspectives on the issue of industrialism during the Victorian Period. Matthew Arnold described the different angles on how men and women of the society accepted the new lifestyle of the era. Some became happy but some also disappeared because of this renovation. In the beginning of industrialism, the Victorian Period made a success because of the different changes happened and nurtured the whole society but as it went through its end, these changes benefited some but not everyone in this period.The three poems showed how the industrialism affects the people or the whole nation. Through these verses, we could be able to understand what the people had experienced during those times. Works Cited Arnold, Matthew. â€Å"Scholar-Gipsy. † Bartleby. com 17 November 2008. http://www. bartleby. com/101/751. html Arnold, Matthew. â€Å"Dover Beach. † 17 November 2008. http://www. victorianweb. org/authors/arnold/writings/doverbeach. html Arnold, Matthe w. â€Å"The Buried Life. † 17 November 2008. http://www. victorianweb. org/authors/arnold/writings/buriedlife. html